This research project sought to answer a fundamental question: What do Māori men who have sex with men need in order to reduce their risk of HIV infection? The researchers in order to answer this focused on the significance of identity from both a cultural and sexual perspective. The research recognises that Māori men who have a strong sense of their identity may be at reduced risk of HIV infection and that this has a beneficial effect on one’s health status. Accordingly, the project investigated the aspects of identity and behaviour which contribute to reduced risk of HIV infection.